The Author is Director at Enigma Process Technologies Corp in Muntinlupa, Philippines. His company provides engineered solutions for laundry waste, hospital waste, animal blood, animal waste, palm oil mill waste etc. → See also:
This paper outlines a conceptual solution for MSW in municipalities of about 350,000 inhabitants. The issue covers three major operation categories:
Each operation can be divided into numerous alternatives, each one is suitable for different conditions, such as: socioeconomic, climate, land availability, economical resources and others.
This document will present one aspect of the treatment the BIOpro process. Provided that the mixed solids (or already segregated solids by the inhabitants) has been collected to the transfer plant (few can serve one municipality), the solids need then to be sorted into few basic solids sub categories.
There are quite wide techniques for classifications, among them; mechanical (conveyors, vibrators), by water or air. For instance there is a technology to collect plastic disposal bags by tiring machinery. And of course some of the oldest manual techniques that can sort the solids for, plastic, metal, paper, etc.
Treatment of various segregated solids can vary from plastic, glass, paper and metal recycling, that operation should be self sustained by the recycled products they can yield, those enterprises can operate near the transfer plant or remotely. Technology for these activities can be provided.
Non recycled solids are land filled in the municipality landfill site. The compostable or organic fracture is usually biologically or thermally broken down to energy while undergoing volume reduction. The technology is called BIOpro to recycle the organic fracture into a premium high value soil fertilizer additive. This solution is the least expensive to build, the less land demanding and the simplest to operate. The transfer plant design and construction is not explained here, the highlight is the BIOpro System.
| Paper Fibres | Plastics | Metals |
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| Glass | ||
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| Household Special | Compostables | Other Waste Materials |
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| Solid Waste per Capita | |
| Industrialized Countries | 1 - 1.5 kg/day |
| Developing Countries | 0.5 - 1 kg/day |
| Content Distributions | |
| Paper and Fibers | 25 % |
| Plastic | 12 % |
| Metal | 4 % |
| Glass | 4.5 % |
| Special (Batteries, Electronic, Chemicals etc) | 0.8 % |
| Compostable | 31.7 % |
| Others | 22 % |
| BIOpro Capacity | |
| 262,000 × 0.317 | 83,000 kg/day |
| Transfer Plant | |
| 0.75 kg/day capita and 350,000 pe | 262,000 kg/day |
| Area | 10,000 m² |
| Cost, depends on the sorting capacity and technology, many parts of the installation can be manufactured locally | 2 – 5 M US $ |
| BIOpro Plant | |
| Capacity | 80,000 kg/day |
| Area | 1,500 m² |
| Cost | 700,000 – 900,000 US $ |
The basis for calculation of the plant capacity are statistical figures. It is assumed that the project costs for the transfer plant would be in the range of 2-3 M US$ considering also local production of building, equipment etc.
Animal waste and other organic waste are a good contribution and will further improve the fertilizing value of the end product. BIOpro Technology is producing a granular, safe, clean, soil-like organic fertilizer. The BIOpro Technology process is the process of stabilizing MSW and animal manure, which blends several kinds of animal manure and organic matter from municipal waste with carefully selected alkaline admixtures (the main by-product of industrial materials), to produce a product which is clean of pathogens, safe to use and easy to handle as a soil-like material.
The MSWe contains more than 25% dry solid, and is blended with different animal manure containing 45% d.s. and with alkaline material to get 55% and above d.s. The advanced alkaline stabilizer slurry and alkaline mixture is heated whilst the ph exceeds 12.0. Using exothermic reactions created by the alkaline additive material, the pasteurization is achieved at temperatures of between 52° and 62°C throughout the mixture. This is stored in a uniform way to maintain the temperature for at least twelve hours. Finely, the accelerated draining of the mixture to around 60% d.s completes the process.
Although the end product of our technology is free of pathogens, viruses, and manure odors, it retains indigenous micro-flora, which is unlike other processes that use heat to sterilize sludge.
The retention of this bacterial micro flora provides increased stability to the treated organics by the very occupancy of the ecological niche of the soil like nutrient loaded animal manure.
The BIOpro technology process meets the strict requirements of the environmental authorities throughout the world.
The prime advantage of cow soil & municipal waste is the fact that it is loaded with primary and secondary nutrients, as well as trace elements minerals, resulting in lower input costs to the farmer, whilst obtaining increased yields. The organi soil is odor-free, easy to handle, can be applied by using standard fertilizer or distribution machinery and may be stored outdoors for extended periods. These facts have contributed to its success in many parts of the world. Acceptability has come from farmers of a wide range of geographical areas and countries, who are growing a wide range of crops.
There are several plants in the factory, as follows:
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